10 Tips to Improve Kindergarten Reading Comprehension

10 Tips to Improve Kindergarten Reading Comprehension Learning to read is an exciting milestone for kindergarteners. Early reading skills include letter recognition, phonemic awareness, decoding, blending, and sight word recognition. Go beyond worksheets to improve kindergarten reading comprehension and skill through hands-on learning activities, games, and targeted techniques. Key Takeaways Build a foundation for comprehension by providing explicit phonics instruction and reinforcing new knowledge through interactive games.Select books with repetitive text that focus on topics your child enjoys, and read each one multiple times. Repetition encourages comprehension.While you read, help your child make connections by asking questions about the story and encouraging them to visualize it. Start with a Strong Foundation Overall reading success, including strong comprehension skills, begins with phonemic awareness. More than merely reciting the alphabet, kindergartners need to learn the sounds that each  letter makes.  Phonemic awareness also includes: blending individual soundsisolating beginning and ending sounds and recognizing words that start or end with the same soundssegmenting words into individual sounds Children need explicit phonics instruction. This instruction  builds on phonemic awareness to teach the relationship between letters or groups of letters and sounds. The most effective phonics instruction follows a specific sequence beginning with vowel and consonant sounds and building to two and three letter blends, double consonant ends, plural words, and diagraphs (letter blends such as ch, sh, bl, and th). Finally, kindergarten students should work on recognizing high-frequency words commonly known as sight words. Fry words and  Dolch sight words are two such word lists.   Play Kindergarten Reading Games Get young children involved in hands-on activities that improve their phonemic awareness and reading comprehension skills. Roll Word Families Start with two blank dice. On one, write word-beginning consonant sounds (example: b, s, t, m, p, r). On the second, write word-ending vowel-consonant sounds (example: at, op, an, in, ap, et). You should be able to combine the beginning and ending sounds to create consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words. To play, invite your child to roll the dice and read the resulting word. Some of the combinations will be nonsense words, but that’s okay. Nonsense words still provide practice blending sounds. If desired, ask students to identify which words are real and which are nonsense. I Spy Send  children on a CVC or sight word scavenger hunt through classroom books  with a simple I Spy game. Ask them to search the books for  CVC  or sight  words, then report back on the words they find. Act Out Passages Encourage students to act out a scene from a book they are reading. This fun, simple activity adds meaning to the words on the page, and helps children focus on and visualize those meanings. Bingo Use a preprinted sight word bingo card or fill a blank template with sight words or CVC words. Create a few different card options and give one to each student, along with marker chips. Call out the words one at a time. As students locate each word on their card, they will cover it with a marker until they have five in a row. You can use preprinted bingo cards or try other printable sight word games. Reading Recommendations for Kindergarten When looking for books that kindergarten students can read independently (or with a little help), it’s important to keep a few facts in mind. First, children should recognize and be able to read 90% of the words in a â€Å"just right† book. It helps to remember the 5-finger rule. If a student makes five errors reading a page from a book, it’s too hard. One error is too easy. Four errors might mean the book is okay to try with some help. The sweet spot for a just right book is only two or three errors per page. Second, remember that it’s okay for children to read the same book multiple times. It may seem as if this isn’t helpful for reading comprehension because they are memorizing the text. However,  becoming  comfortable  and familiar with text improves reading fluency, vocabulary, and word recognition.   Similarly, reading books with repetitive text, such as The Foot Book or Hop on Pop by Dr. Seuss, improves reading comprehension. Include books with familiar sight words such as Big Brown Bear or Big Pig, Little Pig, both by David McPhail.   Finally, help children select books on topics that interest them. Keep in mind that some children prefer fiction books while others thrive on non-fiction. Try non-fiction books written for early readers such as Baby Pandas by Bethany Olson, Big Shark, Little Shark by Anna Membrino, or On a Farm by Alexa Andrews. Kindergarten Reading Comprehension Assessment One of the easiest ways to assess reading comprehension in kindergarten students is the  Informal Reading Inventory (IRI), also known as a Qualitative Reading Inventory. The IRI  allows  instructors to individually assess a student’s fluency, word recognition,  vocabulary,  comprehension, and oral reading accuracy. Kindergarten students should be assessed in the middle and at the end of the school year. Children are usually asked to read a passage aloud.  Reading fluency rate is determined by how many correct words  a student reads in one minute. Oral reading accuracy can help an instructor determine a student’s reading level and ability to decode words. Comprehension can be checked by asking questions about the passage or asking the student to summarize what he read. Vocabulary is assessed through open-ended questions about words in the passage. Model Good Reading Habits It is important for children to see that  their parents and teachers  value reading. Teachers can help by setting aside 15 to 20 minutes for silent reading each day. During this time, students and their teacher choose books to read silently. Parents can help by making sure that children see them reading at home. Teachers and parents should read aloud to students regularly so that children can hear the role that reading rate and voice inflection play in fluency. Choose books that are above the level that children could read on their own to expose them to new vocabulary. Parents should make bedtime stories part of their nightly routine. Ask Questions Improve kindergarten students’ reading comprehension by asking questions. Before reading, look at the book’s title and illustrations and ask students to make predictions about what will happen. During the story, ask questions about what is going on, what students think will happen next, or what they would do if they were the main character. After the story,  ask questions about what happened, how the story made the children feel, or why they think the book ended the way it did. Help Kindergartners Make Connections Helping students make connections is another effective technique for improving comprehension. Give students a foundation for what they’re reading. Talk or watch a video about unfamiliar experiences before reading about them. Help children  connect  stories to their own experiences. When reading a book about a boy getting a new puppy, for example, talk to students about who has a pet. Ask where they got their pet and how they chose it. Teach Comprehension Strategies Teach children what to do when they don’t understand what they’re reading. Instruct students to: Re-read the passageLook at  the pictures for cluesThink about what happened before or read what happens next If those tips don’t help, students may be reading a book that is too difficult. Don’t forget the 5-finger rule! Use Anchor Charts Anchor charts are resources to help students remember the key concepts about what they’ve learned. Anchor charts for reading comprehension might include reminders about decoding techniques, making connections, or visualizing the story. Build Vocabulary Increasing a student’s vocabulary in an excellent way to improve their reading comprehension. Give students confidence in their budding reading skills by defining  unfamiliar words ahead of time so that they don’t lose the meaning of the story. Teach them to  infer the meaning of a new word from the context of the story. For example, if a student reads, â€Å"The tiny ant goes in the little hole,† he may be unfamiliar with the word tiny but recognize little from his sight word list. Teach kids to ask themselves questions such as, â€Å"What could go through a little hole? Would it be something small or something big?† By reading the word in context, kids can learn to infer that tiny must mean small or little. Encourage Visualization Teach children to create mental images, often called brain movies or mind movies, when they are reading. Ask them to draw a picture of what is going on or what the character is thinking or feeling. Instruct them to use their  five senses to picture the action of the story in their mind. Envisioning the action of a story is a fun way to improve students’ reading comprehension.

Federalists and Anti Federalists essays

Federalists and Anti Federalists essays Soon after the end of the Revolutionary War if not before it became clear that the Articles of Confederation were not a workable arrangement. Wartime contingency measures might have papered over the most immediate problems, but with the coming of peace something more regular was needed. The defects of the Articles produced a host of disputes among states, which could not be resolved under its terms, and which times were serious enough to lead to militia skirmishing. More broadly, a fundamental issue had been left unresolved: Was the "United States" a nation in its own right, or a mere confederation of semi- autonomous states' This was not just an abstract question a great many group and individual interests were wrapped up in it. By and large, commercial interests were interested in a strong national government, creating an internal free-trade zone and consistent legal rules concerning trade. Other wealthy interests, however, had mainly local influence large landowners, for example, who in this era might still expect a quasi- feudal deference from tenants and neighbors. Their local standing would be diminished in a more unified national political structure. However, even these interests conceded that the original Articles were unworkable, while on the other hand many proponents of a stronger central government still had anxieties that it might become authoritarian, in 18th century language The Constitutional Convention was initially convened merely to patch up the Articles of Confederation, but it was dominated by proponents of stronger central government. Instead of modifying the Articles it threw them out entirely. Both Federalists and Anti-Federalists thereupon engaged in a propaganda battle. The Federalists won this in a mismatch: the Federalist has gone down as a political classic, while the Anti-Federalist writings have all but vanished f...

Overcomming adversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Overcomming adversity - Essay Example Some are learning disabled. How we overcome these adversities in the traditional classroom marks our teaching effectiveness. As a teacher I am going to try my best to embrace diversity and different methods of learning in every way. This is just one experience but there is diversity in the way we learn, our socio-economic backgrounds, our ethnic backgrounds – The list can go on forever. I am going to give it my all to teach to the individual while creating a cohesive classroom where nobody feels left out and everyone feels like a little part of them as become a process of group learning in a positive way. Diversity is what makes life interesting and I plan to continue to emphasize this in each lesson plan I create! I plan to connect, not disconnect, ALL of my student’s to the curriculum. Only be embracing diversity can we overcome adversity in the classroom. A key way of overcoming adversity is to embrace online learning. This helps learning disabled students as it prov ides a better learning forum for them. Online education has undergone vast improvements over the last decade. Initially online courses were not acknowledged to the level that they are today. It was rare for a college or university to offer an online course. Today the case is a lot different. Far more than half of the universities and colleges offer online education. Over the years progression has lead to two different types of online models.